通过文件头判断文件类型

对于提供上传的服务器，需要对上传的文件进行过滤，否则各种webshell，暴库。

import struct  
  
# 支持文件类型  
# 用16进制字符串的目的是可以知道文件头是多少字节  
# 各种文件头的长度不一样，少半2字符，长则8字符  
def typeList():  
    return {  
        "52617221": EXT_RAR,  
        "504B0304": EXT_ZIP}  
  
# 字节码转16进制字符串  
def bytes2hex(bytes):  
    num = len(bytes)  
    hexstr = u""  
    for i in range(num):  
        t = u"%x" % bytes[i]  
        if len(t) % 2:  
            hexstr += u"0"  
        hexstr += t  
    return hexstr.upper()  
  
# 获取文件类型  
def filetype(filename):  
    binfile = open(filename, 'rb') # 必需二制字读取  
    tl = typeList()  
    ftype = 'unknown'  
    for hcode in tl.keys():  
        numOfBytes = len(hcode) / 2 # 需要读多少字节  
        binfile.seek(0) # 每次读取都要回到文件头，不然会一直往后读取  
        hbytes = struct.unpack_from("B"*numOfBytes, binfile.read(numOfBytes)) # 一个 "B"表示一个字节  
        f_hcode = bytes2hex(hbytes)  
        if f_hcode == hcode:  
            ftype = tl[hcode]  
            break  
    binfile.close()  
    return ftype  
  
if __name__ == '__main__':  
    print filetype(Your-file-path)

常见文件格式的文件头文章源自运维生存时间-https://www.ttlsa.com/python/determine-file-type-by-the-file-header/

文件格式	文件头(十六进制)
JPEG (jpg)	FFD8FF
PNG (png)	89504E47
GIF (gif)	47494638
TIFF (tif)	49492A00
Windows Bitmap (bmp)	424D
CAD (dwg)	41433130
Adobe Photoshop (psd)	38425053
Rich Text Format (rtf)	7B5C727466
XML (xml)	3C3F786D6C
HTML (html)	68746D6C3E
Email [thorough only] (eml)	44656C69766572792D646174653A
Outlook Express (dbx)	CFAD12FEC5FD746F
Outlook (pst)	2142444E
MS Word/Excel (xls.or.doc)	D0CF11E0
MS Access (mdb)	5374616E64617264204A
WordPerfect (wpd)	FF575043
Postscript (eps.or.ps)	252150532D41646F6265
Adobe Acrobat (pdf)	255044462D312E
Quicken (qdf)	AC9EBD8F
Windows Password (pwl)	E3828596
ZIP Archive (zip)	504B0304
RAR Archive (rar)	52617221
Wave (wav)	57415645
AVI (avi)	41564920
Real Audio (ram)	2E7261FD
Real Media (rm)	2E524D46
MPEG (mpg)	000001BA
MPEG (mpg)	000001B3
Quicktime (mov)	6D6F6F76
Windows Media (asf)	3026B2758E66CF11
MIDI (mid)	4D546864